South African research proves the value of intergenerational care

Interactions between residents of a South African retirement home and children has again proven the value of initiatives which bring children and elderly people together, particularly when it comes to managing common mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression.

Elizabeth Jane Earl and Debbie Marais of Stellenbosch University, South Africa shared their findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE in early July, building on prior research that suggested common mental health conditions are often undiagnosed and untreated in retirement homes. 

Standard treatment for such conditions typically involves a combination of medication and non-pharmacological interventions. Some evidence suggests that programs enabling older adults to interact regularly with children may boost mental health. However, most of that research has been conducted outside of retirement homes, and few studies have addressed such programs within South African facilities.

In gathering their research, the pair conducted a study at a retirement home in South Africa where residents could interact regularly with children who attend an onsite preschool. Activities included playing games, doing puzzles, reading, or singing with the children. The program was in line with a philosophy of elder care called the Eden Alternative, which aims to minimise factors that contribute to anxiety and depression.

The researchers invited residents to complete a questionnaire evaluating their anxiety and depression levels and asking them to describe their experiences with the children. Ten women participated, with four screening as possibly having anxiety, depression or both. All women had some interactions with the preschool children, though some had more than others.

Overall, the participants reported positive experiences with the children. Analysis of their responses suggested that the interactions promoted a sense of belonging and purpose, fond recollection of their own childhood, and positive effects on mood and emotions. Participants had varying preconceptions of children, which could have influenced their individual experiences with the program.

On the basis of these findings, the researchers conclude that intergenerational interaction programs have the potential to help manage common mental health conditions for retirement home residents. They outline recommendations for implementing such programs and call for larger studies to further explore the potential benefits.

View the study in full here.